リケッチア
微生物の総称
(リケッチア属から転送)
リケッチア (Rickettsia、リケッツィア、リケッチャ、リッケットシアとも表記。) は、狭義ではRickettsia 属、広義では Rickettsiaceae 科の微生物の総称。ダニ等の節足動物を媒介とし、ヒトに発疹チフスあるいは各種リケッチア症を引き起こす。ウイルスと同じように細胞外で増殖できない。偏性細胞内寄生体とも呼ばれる。
リケッチア属 | ||||||||||||||||||
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![]() 宿主細胞中で増殖するR. rickettsii
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分類 | ||||||||||||||||||
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学名 | ||||||||||||||||||
Rickettsia da Rocha-Lima 1916[1] (IJSEMリストに掲載 1980[2]) | ||||||||||||||||||
タイプ種 | ||||||||||||||||||
リケッチア・プロワゼキイ Rickettsia prowazekii da Rocha-Lima 1916[1] (IJSEMリストに掲載 1980[2]) | ||||||||||||||||||
下位分類(種)[49] | ||||||||||||||||||
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名称は発疹チフスの研究に従事し、結果的にそれが原因で亡くなったアメリカの病理学者、ハワード・テイラー・リケッツの名に因む。
概要
編集リケッチアは非運動性でグラム染色で陰性である。1–4 µm の球状または桿体、あるいは連鎖状、繊維状の形状を示す。ウイルス、クラミジア、ファイトプラズマ等と同じく単独で増殖が出来ない(偏性細胞内寄生性)。増殖は宿主の血管内皮系の細胞内で行われ、宿主細胞の代謝低下時に最もよい増殖を示す。宿主細胞から取り出し単独におくと急速に死滅する。感染した血管には血栓が生じ、血管破裂、壊死を引き起こす。これが体のどこで起こるかは種により異なり、これが症状の差違を引き起こす。
自然界ではネズミなど小型哺乳類、ダニが保因しており、シラミ、ダニ、ツツガムシ(恙虫)の節足動物を媒介し、ヒトに感染する。
分類
編集種類 | 疾病 | 分布 | |
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紅斑熱群 | R. rickettsii | ロッキー山紅斑熱 | 西半球 |
R. akari | リケッチア痘 | アメリカ、旧ソ連 | |
R. conorii | ボタン熱 | 地中海沿岸、アフリカ、南西アジア、インド | |
R. sibirica | シベリアチックチフス | シベリアから中国北部 | |
R. australis | オーストラリアチックチフス | オーストラリア | |
R. japonica | 日本紅斑熱 | 日本 | |
発疹熱群 | R. prowazekii | 発疹チフス | 世界 |
R. typhi | 発疹熱 | 世界 | |
つつが虫病 | Orientia tsutsugamushi | ツツガムシ病 | 南西アジア、オーストラリア北部、太平洋の島 |
治療
編集テトラサイクリン、ドキシサイクリン、クロラムフェニコール等の代謝・DNA合成を阻害する機序の抗菌薬を投与する。ペニシリンなど、臨床的に頻用されるβ-ラクタム系の細胞壁のペプチドグリカンを合成阻害する抗生物質が、全く効かないことに注意が必要である。
脚注
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- ^ JOHN STENOS, VÉRONIQUE ROUX, DAVID WALKER, DIDIER RAOULT (01 October 1998). “Rickettsia honei sp. nov., the aetiological agent of Flinders Island spotted fever in Australia”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 48 (4): 1399-404. doi:10.1099/00207713-48-4-1399. PMID 9828442.
- ^ a b “Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 48, part 4, of the IJSB”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 49 (1): 5-6. (01 January 1999). doi:10.1099/00207713-49-1-5.
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外部リンク
編集- お役立ち情報 リケッチア感染症 厚生労働省検疫所 FORTH(For Travelers Health)
- 笠原四郎、「日本ウイルス学会25周年記念 その1」 『ウイルス』 1978年 28巻 Special号 p.1-13, doi:10.2222/jsv.28.Special_1, 日本ウィルス学会
- ツツガムシ病 - MSDマニュアル プロフェッショナル版《「ツツガムシ病」はリケッチア感染症の関連疾患の一つ》
- 『つつが虫病』 - 日本感染症学会と感染症シリーズ映画製作委員会の企画の下でヨネ・プロダクションが制作した短編映画。『科学映像館』より