Wikipedia

ポール・ミルグロム

アメリカ合衆国の経済学者

ポール・ロバート・ミルグロム（Paul Robert Milgrom, 1948年4月20日 - ）は、アメリカ合衆国の経済学者。スタンフォード大学教授。

ポール・ミルグロム
Paul Milgrom
生誕 (1948-04-20) 1948年4月20日（76歳）
国籍 アメリカ合衆国の旗 アメリカ合衆国
研究分野 オークション理論
インセンティブ理論
マーケットデザイン
母校 スタンフォード大学
MS (Statistics), 1978
PhD (Business) 1979
ミシガン大学 BA 1970
影響を
受けた人物		 ロバート・バトラー・ウィルソン
影響を
与えた人物		 Susan Athey（英語版）
Joshua Gans（英語版）
Yeon-Koo Che（英語版）
神取道宏
John William Hatfield（英語版）
Gillian Hadfield（英語版）
Luis Cabral（英語版）
Hongbin Cai（英語版）
Lixin Ye（英語版）
Bernard Sinclair-Desgagné（英語版）
実績 auction theory
incentive theory
メカニズムデザイン
受賞 アーウィン・プレイン・ネンマーズ経済学賞 (2008)
BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award(2012)
ノーベル経済学賞(2020)
テンプレートを表示
ノーベル賞受賞者ノーベル賞
受賞年：2020年
受賞部門：ノーベル経済学賞
受賞理由：オークション理論の改善と新しいオークション形式の発明

経歴

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1948年米国デトロイト生まれ[1]。1970年に米国ミシガン大学を卒業後、数年間保険数理士の仕事に就いた後に、1978年に米国スタンフォード大学ビジネススクールでPh.Dの学位を取得し、米国ノースウェスタン大学の助教授（1979-81年）、准教授（1981-82年）、教授（1982-83年）、米国イェール大学の教授（1985-87年）を経て、1987年からスタンフォード大学経済学科教授[1]。

受賞歴

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著書

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単著

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共著

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学術論文

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  • Milgrom, Paul (1979a). The Structure of Information in Competitive Bidding. New York: Garland Press  (Ph.D. Dissertation)
  • Milgrom, Paul (1979b). “A Convergence Theorem for Competitive Bidding with Differential Information”. Econometrica 47 (3): 679–88. doi:10.2307/1910414. JSTOR 1910414. 
  • Milgrom, Paul (1981a). “An Axiomatic Characterization of Common Knowledge”. Econometrica 49 (1): 219–222. doi:10.2307/1911137. JSTOR 1911137. 
  • Milgrom, Paul (1981b). “Rational Expectations, Information Acquisition, and Competitive Bidding”. Econometrica 49 (4): 921–943. doi:10.2307/1912511. JSTOR 1912511. 
  • Milgrom, Paul (1981c). “Good News and Bad News: Representation Theorems and Applications”. Bell Journal of Economics 12 (2): 380–91. doi:10.2307/3003562. JSTOR 3003562. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts (1982). “Limit Pricing and Entry Under Incomplete Information: An Equilibrium Analysis”. Econometrica (Econometrica, Vol. 50, No. 2) 50 (2): 443–59. doi:10.2307/1912637. JSTOR 1912637. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts (1982). “Predation, Reputation, and Entry Deterrence”. Journal of Economic Theory 27 (2): 280–312. doi:10.1016/0022-0531(82)90031-X. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and Nancy Stokey (1982). “Information, Trade and Common Knowledge”. Journal of Economic Theory 26: 17–27. doi:10.1016/0022-0531(82)90046-1. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and Robert Weber (1982a). “The Value of Information in a Sealed Bid Auction”. Journal of Mathematical Economics 10: 105–14. doi:10.1016/0304-4068(82)90008-8. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and Robert Weber (1982b). “A Theory of Auctions and Competitive Bidding”. Econometrica (Econometrica, Vol. 50, No. 5) 50 (5): 1089–1122. doi:10.2307/1911865. JSTOR 1911865. 
  • Kreps, David, Paul Milgrom, John Roberts, and Robert Wilson (1982). “Rational Cooperation in the Finitely‑Repeated Prisoners’ Dilemma”. Journal of Economic Theory 27 (2): 245‑252. doi:10.1016/0022-0531(82)90029-1. 
  • Engelbrecht-Wiggans, R., Paul R. Milgrom and Robert J. Weber (1983). “Competitive bidding and proprietary information”. Journal of Mathematical Economics 11 (2): 161–169. doi:10.1016/0304-4068(83)90034-4. 
  • Milgrom, Paul (1984). “Axelrod's "The Evolution of Cooperation"”. The RAND Journal of Economics 15 (2): 305–309. doi:10.2307/2555683. JSTOR 2555683. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and Robert Weber (1985). “Distributional Strategies for Games with Incomplete Information”. Mathematics of Operations Research 10 (4): 619–32. doi:10.1287/moor.10.4.619. 
  • Glosten, Larry and Paul Milgrom (1985). “Bid, Ask and Transactions Prices in a Specialist Market with Insider Trading”. Journal of Financial Economics 14 (1): 71‑100. doi:10.1016/0304-405X(85)90044-3. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts (1986a). “Price and Advertising Signals of Product Quality”. Journal of Political Economy 94 (4): 796–821. doi:10.1086/261408. JSTOR 1833203. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts (1986b). “Relying on the Information of Interested Parties”. The RAND Journal of Economics 17 (1): 18–32. JSTOR 2555625. 
  • Holmstrom, Bengt and Paul Milgrom (1987). “Aggregation and Linearity in the Provision of Intertemporal Incentives”. Econometrica 55 (2): 303–328. doi:10.2307/1805448. JSTOR 1805448. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts (1987). “Informational Asymmetries, Strategic Behavior, and Industrial Organization”. The American Economic Review 77 (2): 184–193. JSTOR 1913238. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and Sharon Oster (1987). “Job Discrimination, Market Forces and the Invisibility Hypothesis”. Quarterly Journal of Economics 102: 453–476. doi:10.2307/1884213. JSTOR 1884213. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts (1988). “An Economic Approach to Influence Activities and Organizational Responses”. American Journal of Sociology 96: S154-S179. 
  • Milgrom, Paul (1988). “Employment Contracts, Influence Activities, and Efficient Organization Design”. Journal of Political Economy 96 (1): 42–60. doi:10.1086/261523. JSTOR 1830709. 
  • Milgrom,Paul and John Roberts (1988). “Communication and Inventories as Substitutes in Organizing Production”. Scandinavian Journal of Economics 90 (3): 275–289.. doi:10.2307/3440309. 
  • Fudenberg, Drew, Bengt Holmstrom and Paul Milgrom (1990). “Short-term contracts and long-term agency relationships”. Journal of Economic Theory 51 (1): 154–159. doi:10.2307/2006561. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts (1990b). “The Economics of Modern Manufacturing: Technology, Strategy and Organization”. American Economic Review 80 (3): 511–28. JSTOR 2006681. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts (1990c). “Rationalizability, Learning and Equilibrium in Games With Strategic Complementarities”. Econometrica 58 (6): 1255–1278. JSTOR 2938316. 
  • Milgrom, Paul, Douglass C. North, and Barry R. Weingast (1990). “The role of institutions in the revival of trade: the law merchant, private judges, and the champagne fairs”. Economics and Politics 2 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0343.1990.tb00020.x. 
  • Holmstrom, Bengt and Paul Milgrom (1991). “Multitask Principal-Agent Analyses: Incentive Contracts, Asset Ownership and Job Design”. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 7: 303–328. doi:10.1093/jleo/7.special_issue.24. JSTOR 764957. 
  • Abreu, D., Paul Milgrom, and David Pearce (1991). “Information and Timing in Repeated Partnerships”. Econometrica 59 (6): 1713–1733. JSTOR 2938286. 
  • Milgrom, Paul, Yingi Qian and John Roberts. (1991). “Complementarities, Momentum, and the Evolution of Modern Manufacturing”. The American Economic Review 81 (2): 84–88. doi:10.2307/2006831. JSTOR 2006831. 
  • Milgrom, Paul, and John Roberts (1991). “Adaptive and sophisticated learning in normal form games”. Games and Economic Behavior 82 (100): 82–100. doi:10.1016/0899-8256(91)90006-Z. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts (1992). Economics, Organization and Management. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0132246503 
  • Bresnahan, Timothy F., Paul Milgrom, and Jonathan Paul (1992). “The Real Output of the Stock Exchange”. Output Measurement in the Services Sectors: 195–216. 
  • Meyer, Margaret, Paul Milgrom, and John Roberts (1992). “Organizational Prospects, Influence Costs, and Ownership Changes”. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 1 (1): 9–35. doi:10.1111/j.1430-9134.1992.00009.x. 
  • Milgrom, Paul (1994). “Comparing Optima: Do Simplifying Assumptions Affect Conclusions?”. Journal of Political Economy 102 (3): 607–615. doi:10.2307/2138625. JSTOR 2138625. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts (1994). “Comparing Equilibria”. The American Economic Review 84 (3): 441–459. doi:10.2307/2118061. JSTOR 2118061. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and Chris Shannon (1994). “Monotone Comparative Statics”. Econometrica 62 (1): 157–180. JSTOR 2951479. 
  • Holmstrom, Bengt and Paul Milgrom (1994). “The Firm as an Incentive System”. Econometrica 84 (4): 972–991. JSTOR 2118041. 
  • Greif, Avner, Paul Milgrom, and Barry R. Weingast (1994). “Coordination, Commitment, and Enforcement: The Case of the Merchant Guild”. Journal of Political Economy 102 (4): 745–776. doi:10.1086/261953. JSTOR 2138763. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts (1994). “Complementarities and Fit: Strategy, Structure and Organizational Change in Manufacturing”. Journal of Accounting and Economics 19 (2-3): 179–208. doi:10.1016/0165. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts (1995). “The Economics of Modern Manufacturing: Reply”. The American Economic Review 85 (4): 997–999. doi:10.2307/2118249. JSTOR 2118249. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts (1996a). “The LeChatelier Principle”. The American Economic Review 86 (1): 113–128. doi:10.1006/game.1996.0096. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts (1996b). “Coalition-Proofness and Correlation with Arbitrary Communication Possibilities”. Games and Economic Behavior 17 (1): 173–179. doi:10.2307/2118261. JSTOR 2118261. 
  • Milgrom, Paul (2000). “Putting Auction Theory to Work: The Simulteneous Ascending Auction”. Journal of Political Economy 108 (2): 245–272. doi:10.1086/262118. JSTOR 262118. 
  • Ausubel, Lawrence M. and Paul Milgrom (2002). “Ascending Auctions with Package Bidding”. The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics 1 (1). 
  • Milgrom, Paul (2004). Putting Auction Theory to Work. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-53672-3 
  • Hatfield, John W., and Paul Milgrom (2005). “Matching with Contracts”. The American Economic Review 95 (4): 913–935. doi:10.2307/4132699. JSTOR 4132699. 
  • Ausubel, Lawrence M., Peter Cramton and Paul Milgrom (2006). “The Clock-Proxy Auction: A Practical Combinatorial Auction Design”. in Combinatorial Auctions, edited by Cramton, P., Shoham, Y., and Steinberg, R.. 
  • Ausubel, Lawrence M. and Paul Milgrom (2006a). “The Lovely but Lonely Vickrey Auction”. in Combinatorial Auctions, edited by Cramton, P., Shoham, Y., and Steinberg, R.. 
  • Ausubel, Lawrence M. and Paul Milgrom (2006b). “Ascending Proxy Auctions”. in Combinatorial Auctions, edited by Cramton, P., Shoham, Y., and Steinberg, R.. 
  • Milgrom, Paul (2008). “What the Seller Won't Tell You: Persuasion and Disclosure in Markets”. Journal of Economic Perspectives 22 (2): 115–131. doi:10.1257/jep.22.2.115. 
  • Hall, Robert E. and Paul R. Milgrom (2008). “The Limited Influence of Unemployment on the Wage Bargain”. The American Economic Review 98 (4): 1653–1674. doi:10.1257/aer.98.4.1653. JSTOR 29730140. 
  • Day, R., and Paul Milgrom (2008). “Core-selecting package auctions”. International Journal of Game Theory 36 (3-4): 393–407. doi:10.1007/s00182-007-0100-7. 
  • Milgrom, Paul (2009). “Assignment Messages and Exchanges”. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 1 (2): 95–113. doi:10.1257/mic.1.2.95. 
  • Milgrom, Paul and Bruno Strulovici (2009). “Substitute goods, auctions, and equilibrium”. Journal of Economic Theory 144 (1): 212–247. doi:10.1016/j.jet.2008.05.002. 
  • Milgrom, Paul (2010). “Ascending Prices and Package Bidding: A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis”. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 2 (3): 160–185. doi:10.1257/mic.2.3.160. 
  • Milgrom, Paul (2010). “Simplified mechanisms with an application to sponsored-search auctions”. Games and Economic Behavior 70 (1): 62–70. doi:10.1016/j.geb.2008.12.003. 
  • Levin, Jonathan and Paul Milgrom (2010). “Online Advertising: Heterogeneity and Conflation in Market Design”. American Economic Review 100 (2): 603–607. doi:10.1257/aer.100.2.603. 
  • Budish, E., Che, Y.-K., Kojima, F., and Paul Milgrom (2013). “Designing Random Allocation Mechanisms: Theory and Applications”. American Economic Review 103 (2): 585–623. doi:10.1257/aer.103.2.585. 

脚注

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  1. ^ a b ミルグロム・ロバーツ（1997）の「訳者まえがき」（p. xi）を参照。
  2. ^ トムソン：2007年ノーベル賞の有力候補者を発表
  3. ^ “ノーベル賞とったよ！ 伝えられたのは玄関インターホン越し 米”. www3.nhk.or.jp. NHK NEWS WEB (2020年10月14日). 2020年10月14日閲覧。

参考文献

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